What are fireworks?

When we set off fireworks, we are essentially witnessing beautiful chemical reactions occurring on the ground or in the sky. The three main components that make up fireworks are fuel, an oxidizer, and an additional chemical mixture. The third component serves to give the mixture the desired color or effect when burning. The oxidizing agent functions as a destroyer of chemical bonds in the charge. This helps release the maximum amount of energy stored in these chemical bonds. In this case, the entire reaction is started by a small spark from a fuse or directly from a direct flame.

The design and principle of operation of high-altitude fireworks.

First of all, it should be noted that the design of fireworks has not changed for hundreds of years.Organization of fireworks, fireworks (lyustkugel)

The fireworks launch tube (mortar or household pyrotechnic barrel) works on the principle of a pistol barrel. Does the fuse light when tripped? an expelling charge consisting of black powder. Ultimately, the charge flies out in the chosen direction at high speed. It can reach 160 m/s. Meanwhile, the expelling charge, in addition to pushing out the fireworks ball, also ignites the retardant on the ball itself. The indicators of the moderator are designed so that it burns completely at the top point of the luskugel rise and ignites the explosive charge of the ball. On the other hand, the bursting charge, also consisting of black powder, ignites small pellets. Known among pyrotechnicians as stars. They are located around the charge. Ultimately, it is these balls that burn and create the effect of fireworks in the sky. Their quantity, chemical composition, size and properties can vary greatly. This allows you to create a huge variety of different effects and literally illuminate the night sky.

Variety of firework colors

I would like to note that until 1830, fireworks exploded in only two colors: white and orange. And only after this, scientific discoveries made it possible to diversify this type of special effects.

The inclusion of various metals and their compounds in pyrotechnic mixtures made it possible to obtain the entire palette of primary colors of the sky. Thus, different chemical elements emit light of different lengths when burned. In pyrotechnics, the most widely used are copper, iron, titanium, barium, magnesium, lithium, strontium, etc.For example, using titanium and magnesium, you can achieve a bright silver or white color. Lithium and strontium produce different shades of red. Barium has a rich green color, and sodium burns with a yellow flame. On the other hand, when some elements burn, in addition to light waves, they also produce sound effects: crackling, whistling, hissing. Thus, the combustion of titanium powder can be accompanied not only by white sparks, but also by loud explosions.

Currently, pyrotechnics manufacturers are constantly exploring the possibility of using new pyrotechnic compositions. This work does not stop for a minute. Scientists and technologists are looking for replacements for expensive chemical elements. They are developing more environmentally friendly formulations and experimenting with different color shades and visual effects.

Link to information site: https://piromax.com.ua/interesnoye-o-feyyerverke/